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http://www.subnetmask.info/

Subnet Calculator Explanation


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This calculator will calculate the network address, the host address and the broadcast address for a given TCP/IP address and subnet mask.

These are actually fairly straightforward calculations. The easiest way to do it is to depict both the ip address and the subnet mask in binary. Take 129.8.202.4 with subnet mask 255.255.192.0 listed in binary:


ip address: 10000001.00001000.11001010.00000100 subnet mask: 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
If you do a binary AND between these two numbers, you get the network address:


ip address: 10000001.00001000.11001010.00000100 subnet mask: 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 -----------------------------------AND network address: 10000001.00001000.11000000.00000000
which translated back to dotted decimal notation is 129.8.192.0

To get the host portion, invert the subnet mask and again perform a binary AND with the ip address:
ip address: 10000001.00001000.11001010.00000100inverted subnet mask: 00000000.00000000.00111111.11111111 -----------------------------------AND host portion: 00000000.00000000.00001010.00000100
which translated back to dotted decimal notation is 0.0.10.4

To obtain the broadcast address, again it is simplest to look at it in binary. Take the inverted subnet mask and perform a binary XOR with the network address:
network address: 10000001.00001000.11000000.00000000inverted subnet mask: 00000000.00000000.00111111.11111111 -----------------------------------XOR broadcast address: 10000001.00001000.11111111.11111111
which translated back to dotted decimal notation is 129.8.255.255

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